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Thomas Patrick Lowndes de Waal (born 1966) is a British journalist and writer on the Caucasus. He is best known for his 2003 book ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War''. == Life and career == Thomas was born in Nottingham, England. He is the son of Esther Aline (née Lowndes-Moir), a writer on religion, and Anglican priest Victor de Waal. He is the brother of Africa specialist Alex de Waal, barrister John de Waal, and potter and writer Edmund de Waal. Through his grandmother, Elisabeth de Waal née Ephrussi, Thomas de Waal is related to the Ephrussi family who were wealthy Jewish bankers and art patrons in pre-World War II Europe and whose fortunes started in 19th Century Odessa. He had done some research on the family's Russian branch, and helped in the researches on family history by his brother Edmund de Waal which led to the publication of the book "The Hare with Amber Eyes". Thomas de Waal graduated from Balliol College, Oxford with a First Class Degree in Modern Languages (Russian and Modern Greek). He has reported for, amongst others, the BBC World Service, the ''Moscow Times'', and ''The Times''.〔Russia bars UK reporter on security grounds by Oliver Bullough〕 He was a Caucasus editor at the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) in London until December 2008, and later as a research associate with the peace-building NGO, Conciliation Resources. Currently he is a senior associate in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, specialising primarily in the South Caucasus region.〔(Thomas de Waal – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace )〕 He is the co-author of ''Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus'' (New York, 1998) and author of ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War'' (New York, 2003).〔(Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Caucasus programme staff bios. )〕 In 2006 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia denied an entry visa to De Waal, who was due to attend in Moscow the presentation of a Russian version of his book on the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, citing a law that says a visa can be refused "in the aims of ensuring state security."〔(British journalist denied entry visa, CJES/IFEX, July 2006 )〕 De Waal believes that his visa denial was retaliation for his critical reporting about the Russian war in Chechnya.〔(The St Petersburg Times. Activists, Reporters Also Called a Threat )〕〔De Waal, Thomas. (Opinions: Barred by Moscow )" ''Prospect Magazine'', July 2006, issue 124.〕 De Waal wrote the introduction to Anna Politkovskaya's first book in English, ''A Dirty War''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas de Waal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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